{"id":2120,"date":"2024-07-22T17:26:48","date_gmt":"2024-07-22T15:31:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/experiments.school\/?post_type=product&p=2120"},"modified":"2024-07-22T17:31:41","modified_gmt":"2024-07-22T15:31:41","slug":"018-thermocouple","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/experiments.school\/fr\/produkt\/018-thermocouple\/","title":{"rendered":"018 – Thermocouple"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Effet thermo\u00e9lectrique\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Effet Seebeck\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

G\u00e9n\u00e9ration de tension par chauffage\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Introduction \u00e0: <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Thermom\u00e9trie\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Thermom\u00e8tre \u00e9lectrique\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[video width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" mp4=\"https:\/\/experiments.school\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/018-video-end.mp4\"][\/video]\n

     <\/p>\n

    Mat\u00e9riel:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

    a)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u00c9lectrode de soudage, en nickel (le rev\u00eatement doit d\u2019abord \u00eatre enlev\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une pince et d\u2019un papier de verre grossier)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Fil de cuivre (env. 20 cm)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Tension de contact 20 \u03bcV\/K\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      ou<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      b)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Fil Constantan (longueur env. 20 cm ; diam\u00e8tre env. 0,5 mm)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Fil de fer (longueur env. 20 cm ; diam\u00e8tre env. 0,5 mm)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Tension de contact 43 \u03bcV\/K\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        ou<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        c)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Fil nickel-chrome (longueur env. 20 cm ; diam\u00e8tre env. 0,5 mm)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Fil de nickel (longueur env. 20 cm ; diam\u00e8tre env. 0,5 mm)\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Tension de contact 40 \u03bcV\/K\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/span>: <\/span>Des paires de fils de deux m\u00e9taux diff\u00e9rents A et B, par exemple aussi du fer et du zinc, conviennent <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Voltm\u00e8tre dans la gamme des millivolts \/ multim\u00e8tre\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Pinces crocodiles\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Bougie \/ Briquet\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Montage:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

            a)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            • Retirez l\u2019isolant du fil de cuivre et enroulez-le autour de l\u2019\u00e9lectrode de nickel une ou deux fois, cr\u00e9ant ainsi une liaison solide entre les m\u00e9taux.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              b) c)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              • Tordez les extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s des deux fils sur une longueur de 5 cm.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
              • Connectez le voltm\u00e8tre aux extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s libres du m\u00e9tal A et du m\u00e9tal B.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Ex\u00e9cution:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
                  \n
                • Chauffez le point de contact des m\u00e9taux avec la flamme de la bougie.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Observation:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
                    \n
                  • Le voltm\u00e8tre indique une tension de contact de l\u2019ordre du millivolt.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • Au fur et \u00e0 mesure que le point de contact chauffe, la tension de contact augmente\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • Pour la paire m\u00e9tal a) cuivre \u2013 nickel c\u2019est : 20 \u03bcV\/K, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que 2 mV correspond \u00e0 une augmentation de temp\u00e9rature de 100 K.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • Lors du refroidissement, la tension de contact diminue.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Explication:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
                      \n
                    • La tension de contact est due au travail de sortie diff\u00e9rent des \u00e9lectrons de diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9taux, les niveaux de Fermi sont de diff\u00e9rentes hauteurs.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                    • La tension de contact augmente proportionnellement \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature (absolue) au point de contact.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Conseils:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
                        \n
                      • Le contact entre les m\u00e9taux peut \u00eatre augment\u00e9 en frappant le point de torsion avec un marteau ou en soudant les fils ensemble.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Avec un voltm\u00e8tre dans la plage \u03bcV, m\u00eame la chaleur de la main peut \u00eatre d\u00e9tect\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Dans la paire m\u00e9tal A nickel-chrome – m\u00e9tal B nickel, la tension de contact est d\u2019environ 40 \u03bcV\/K (sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 0 \u00b0C).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":2122,"template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[976,982,883,887,895],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2120","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-2-voltage-courant","7":"product_cat-4-conductivite-resistance","8":"product_cat-b-electricite-fr","9":"product_cat-d-theorie-de-la-chaleur-fr","10":"product_cat-i-appareils-physiques-fr","11":"","12":"woocommerce-text-align-left","13":"woocommerce-image-align-center","15":"first","16":"instock","17":"shipping-taxable","18":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/experiments.school\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/2120","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/experiments.school\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/experiments.school\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/experiments.school\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2122"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/experiments.school\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2120"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/experiments.school\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=2120"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/experiments.school\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=2120"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/experiments.school\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=2120"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}